回声测深仪计量检定装置的研究

为研究浅水回声测深仪计量检定标准装置,以完成量值传递,文章介绍了2种不同的检定装置,可根据具体环境条件选择水槽比对方式和模拟器方式对回声测深仪进行检定,并对回声测深仪的基本原理、工作流程、2种检定装置的构造、测试结果和优缺点进行了简要的阐述。     

散杂码头设计中节能增效措施的应用

针对码头工程中如何多方位将节能增效措施融入到设计中的问题,以长江江苏段某散杂码头及其堆场的设计为例,在工艺、结构、电气等方面采用多方位比较的方法,工艺采用装船机、取料机和皮带机变频联动系统、旋转式过渡皮带车以及三工位头部伸缩装置等措施,结构方面陆域轨道基础采用新型专利,电气方面采用风光互补路灯及岸电系统等不同的节能增效措施,使项目更经济合理、效益显著。     

Understanding the impacts of a combination of service improvement strategies on bus running time and passenger’s perception

Transit agencies implement many strategies in order to provide an attractive transportation service. This article aims to evaluate the impacts of implementing a combination of strategies, designed to improve the bus transit service, on running time and passenger satisfaction. These strategies include using smart card fare collection, introducing limited-stop bus service, implementing reserved bus lanes, using articulated buses, and implementing transit signal priority (TSP). This study uses stop-level data collected from the Société de transport de Montréal (STM)’s automatic vehicle location (AVL) and automatic passenger count (APC) systems, in Montréal, Canada. The combination of these strategies has lead to a 10.5% decline in running time along the limited stop service compared to the regular service. The regular route running time has increased by 1% on average compared to the initial time period. The study also shows that riders are generally satisfied with the service improvements. They tend to overestimate the savings associated with the implementation of this combination of strategies by 3.5-6.0 min and by 2.5-4.1 min for both the regular route and the limited stop service, respectively. This study helps transit planners and policy makers to better understand the effects of implementing a combination of strategies to improve running time and passenger’s perception of these changes in service.     

Analytical and simulation approaches to understand combined effects of transit signal priority and road-space priority measures

Transit signal priority (TSP) may be combined with road-space priority (RSP) measures to increase its effectiveness. Previous studies have investigated the combination of TSP and RSP measures, such as TSP with dedicated bus lanes (DBLs) and TSP with queue jump lanes (QJLs). However, in these studies, combined effects are usually not compared with separate effects of each measure. In addition, there is no comprehensive study dedicated to understanding combined effects of TSP and RSP measures. It remains unclear whether combining TSP and RSP measures creates an additive effect where the combined effect of TSP and RSP measures is equal to the sum of their separate effects. The existence of such an additive effect would suggest considerable benefits from combining TSP and RSP measures. This paper explores combined effects of TSP and RSP measures, including TSP with DBLs and TSP with QJLs. Analytical results based on time-space diagrams indicate that at an intersection level, the combined effect on bus delay savings is smaller than the additive effect if there is no nearside bus stop and the traffic condition in the base case is under-saturated or near-saturated. With a near-side bus stop, the combined effect on bus delay savings at an intersection level can be better than the additive effect (or over-additive effect), depending on dwell time, distance from the bus stop to the stop line, traffic demand, and cycle length. In addition, analytical results suggest that at an arterial level, the combined effect on bus delay savings can be the over-additive effect with suitable signal offsets. These results are confirmed by a micro-simulation case study. Combined effects on arterial and side-street traffic delays are also discussed.     

重载铁路特殊站场股道信号机设置问题的研究

重载铁路运输是一个复杂的系统工程,对于保证行车安全、提高作业效率和通过能力起关键作用的信号系统提出更高的技术要求.针对开行万吨、2万t组合列车线路设计中遇到的几种特殊站场布局下的信号机设置问题以案例形式进行分析,探讨此类站型信号机设置的影响因素,总结安全、合理的布置原则及运用要求.     

城市交通干线信号协调控制方案过渡调整策略

介绍了国内外当前交通信号协调控制方案过渡方法的研究现状,分析比较了现有的干线协调过渡方法.针对当前过渡调整方法对于交通信号控制机如何实现协调方案的快速调整涉及较少,未考虑交通信号机实现过渡调整过程中的实际需求等不足,以当日零点为协调控制方案的起始点,针对交叉口过渡信号周期以及周期调整步幅的取值范围,提出了1种基于周期的交通信号协调控制过渡调整策略,并进行了算例分析.结果表明:该策略能够在1~2个周期内快速调整完毕,减少了信号配时的突变所引发路面交通的剧烈波动,实现了交通流运行的平稳和连续.文中所介绍的算法可以实现不同控制方式之间的切换,也可以用于城市区域协调控制中,具有较广的适用范围和实用价值.      

基于机动车比功率的单点信号配时优化模型

为减少车辆延误和交通排放,基于机动车比功率提出信号交叉口红、绿灯期间污染物排放因子的标定方法.根据运筹学和交通流理论,以车辆延误和排放最小为目标建立单点交叉口信号配时优化模型.考虑小汽车尾气中的CO、HC和NOx三种污染物,利用 VISSIM 软件设计交通仿真实验,使用MATLAB软件编制参数标定和模型求解算法,根据车辆行驶状况数据标定每条车道组每种污染物的两类排放因子,并验证双目标信号配时优化模型.结果表明,与仅降低延误相比,双目标优化模型所获最优信号配时方案能使车均延误降低19%、交通排放减少11%.研究成果能有效减少交叉口延误和排放,为建立考虑交通排放的干道信号配时优化模型奠定理论基础.     

过饱和状态干线协调控制策略适用性研究

续进式绿波协调和同步式绿波协调,均为经典干线协调控制策略。我国传统使用的续进式绿波协调策略,已无法满足高饱和度交通流的需求,甚至会对复杂多变的交通状况产生负面影响。续进式绿波控制在过饱和状态的失效机理,是由于续进式协调控制中上游交叉口先放行,当下游交叉口排队未完全消散时,导致上游绿灯初期放行车辆的二次停车,造成延误增大甚至排队溢出。过饱和状态时,同步式绿波协调更有利于车辆连续不间断地通过交叉口群,车速越高则绿波带越宽,控制效果越显著。以此为基础,基于 Vissim 仿真的建模分析,对比分析了不同交通饱和度,尤其是过饱和状态下,2种干线协调控制策略效果,并对结论进行了实例验证。      

干道交通瓶颈交叉口的红波双向协调控制模型

针对当前城市干道瓶颈交叉口交通拥堵状况,从信号控制角度提出了1种红波双向协调控制模型,对于缓解此类问题具有现实意义.模型是在流量均分思想和绿波协调控制时距图分析方法基础上建立的1种双向协调控制模型,能够针对干道瓶颈交叉口上下游交通流不同的交通控制需求分别实施红波协调控制和绿波协调控制,并通过引入红波控制参数,可以满足不同的交通控制策略需求.以佛山市顺德区南国西路为案例,通过对Vissim仿真评价数据进行协调前后对比分析,结果表明模型能够有效减小瓶颈交叉口排队长度39.48%,缩短行程时间22.01%,验证说明了模型的有效性.      

三种过渡交通信号形式的对比分析

为增加驾驶员通过信号路口的安全性和舒适性,对过渡交通信号进行了研究。在介绍目前所普遍采用的黄灯过渡信号的基础上,提出了在普通过渡信号的基础上增加几秒绿闪和设置倒计时显示器的方式,并对其分别进行了分析,以期对相关工作提供参考。